Lu xun spent the last ten years of his life in Shanghai, which was the most prolific period for his literary creations. He devoted most of his energy to writing essays and translating foreign literary theories. Shanghai Luxun Museum records and exhibits his connection with the city.

 Shanghai Luxun Museum is the first character memorial hall established after the liberation. It officially opened to the public in January 1951, with the inscription of the hall's name by Premier Zhou Enlai. Before the 20th anniversary of Lu xun's death in 1956, the memorial hall was relocated to Hongkou Park (now called Luxun Park). In the same year, Lu xun's tomb was also moved to this location, with an inscription on the tombstone by Mao Zedong. In 2008, the National Cultural Heritage Administration rated Shanghai Luxun Museum as one of the first "National First-Class Museums".

 Shanghai Luxun Museum is a two-story Jiangnan-style courtyard building that combines Chinese and Western architectural elements. The new building was designed by Chen Zhi and retains the original architectural features, such as pink walls, black tiles, and granite walls. The design is simple, plain, and elegant, while incorporating the functions of a modern museum. The first floor houses themed exhibition halls such as "Flowing Art Garden," "Sprout Hall," a multi-functional lecture hall called "Shuren Hall," and the "Chao Hua Library," which collects relics of Lu xun's contemporaries. The second floor is the "Lu xun Life Exhibition Hall," covering an area of about 1650 square meters. The exhibition hall is based on Lu xun's manuscripts, documentary photos, and relics, supplemented by sculptures, scenes, wax figures, multimedia, and other display methods. It vividly reproduces Lu xun's profound spiritual world and his tortuous and colorful life journey through six themes: "The Road of Life," "Pioneering the Establishment of a Person," "Painting the Soul of the Chinese People," "Preserver, Pioneer, and Builder," "Warrior in the Spiritual Realm," and "The Son of Hongkou."

 Currently, the museum has a collection of over 80,000 cultural relics. The most precious ones include Lu xun's handwritten manuscript of "In Memory of Ding," the manuscript of "New Stories," the translation draft of "Destruction," letters from Lu xun to Zhao Jiabi, Lu xun's collection of modern Chinese prints, and a plaster cast with Lu xun's mustache and eyebrows.