Authoritative Guide for Shanghai Tourist and Event Information
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

New Year : January 1st

 

In olden times, yuan dan, or ※New Year,§ was celebrated to commemorate the first day of the Lunar calendar. But because of Western influences, the New Year today has been celebrated in recent times at the beginning of the Gregorian calendar with the Spring Festival celebrating the start of the lunar year.
Before that, the word yuan represented ※the beginning§ and ※the start,§ while dan meant ※day.§ Subsequently, yuan dan means ※the day that marks the beginning and the start§ 每 in other words, New Year's day.
On September 27, 1949, at the first Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, it was decided to separate the two different Gregorian and Lunar New Year's Festivals to avoid confusion, and as such, yuan dan was designated the New Year's Festival of the Gregorian calendar while the Spring Festival celebrates the Lunar calendar new year.

New Year is China's national holiday. Chinese people have one-day holiday.

 
Spring Festival Eve: Last day of the Lunar calendar
 

Spring Festival Eve is held on the day before Spring Festival. In Chinese, the name of the festival represents ※the dimming moon at the end of a year,§ where old things are replaced by new and the coming year invites a new age. It is the last night of the year in the Lunar calendar. As such, much of the activities focus on a theme of replacing old with new and doing away with bad luck.
During the Zhou and Qin dynasties, at the end of every year, the imperial palace would hold a grand exorcism to chase away evil spirits.
On the day of Spring Festival Eve, there are many popular customs:
Gift Giving 每 During the days leading to the festival, friends will exchange gifts and gifts will be given to elders and clients.
Paying Respects to Elders 每 At dusk on the day of the festival, homes will prepare chicken, duck, fish, pastries, incense, wine and other items as sacrifice, to not only wish for a long life but also to give praise for protection during the year passed and in the coming year.
New Year's Dinner 每 Family members that live away from home must return for dinner to celebrate in a feast. The dinner must also include either fish or taro, whose pronunciation in Chinese is the same as the word for ※extra,§ symbolizing that there will also be something left over for the New Year. A special New Year's cake, made of flour, known as niangao, represents ※higher and higher, year after year.§
Red Envelopes 每 After dinner, younger family members will give some well wishes to their elders. In return, elders will give their juniors a red envelope with some money inside as token of peace and good luck in the New Year.
Celebrations 每 This is where the whole family comes together to chat, joke and sing throughout the night. It's believed that these activities will help maintain the health of parents.
Fireworks 每 At about 15 minutes before the stroke of midnight, the fireworks will begin. It is a symbol of driving away all the bad things and to usher in the New Year.

Spring Festival is China's national holiday. Chinese people have three-day holiday (The New Year*s Eve of the lunar year, the New Year*s Day of the lunar year and second day of the first lunar month).

 
Spring Festival: 1st day of the 1st Lunar month

 

The Spring Festival is held on the first day of the Lunar New Year, and is also known as yanglinian , or more commonly called guonian (※Crossing the year§). It is the most impressive and the most important of all Chinese festivals. The festival itself has a long history, which started during the Yin/Shang dynasty as a ceremony at the start of the year to provide sacrifices and pray to ancestors. According to the Lunar calendar, Spring Festival coincides with new year and was celebrated at the same time as yuan dan (mentioned above). After the People's Republic of China began to follow the Gregorian calendar, yuan dan was moved to January 1st, and the first day of the first month in the Lunar calendar became the celebration of the Spring Festival.
Before the arrival of the Spring Festival, certain customs are observed by families:
Dusting 每 According to the ancient book, ※ Lushi Chunqiu ,§ the practice of dusting one's home was already around during the age of Yao and Shun. Because the Chinese word for ※dust§ rhymes with the word for ※decorations,§ it has the extra connotation of ※removing decorations to set anew.§ Dusting is also a symbol of cleaning out the old for the new.
Banners 每 Families will post banners of auspicious sayings in their homes for good luck.
Decorations 每 Pictures of the Chinese character fu (※good fortune§) are posted on the windows, doors, walls, and door frames of homes. Not only is it a way to wish for happiness but it also reminds family members that they are living in good fortune as well. Various shapes and designs are cut out from red paper and posted on windows: the intricate art is a symbol of luck that also serves as decoration.
Posters and Lanterns 每 Posters of the New Year and red lanterns all contribute to the exciting atmosphere.
Firecrackers 每 The loud crackling sounds of firecrackers from homes are a symbol of driving out the old and welcoming the new. During the Spring Festival, the crackling of firecrackers can be heard constantly.
On the first day of the New Year, everybody gets up early and wears new clothes. After paying respects to their ancestors, the whole family will go to visit relatives to wish them a happy new year. On the way, if they meet anybody they know they will also wish them well.
On the second day of the New Year, after waking up early, husbands will accompany their wives to wish their in-laws a happy new year.
The fifth day of the New Year is the time to pay respects to the god of fortune with many different types of foods. Shops will open on this day and light firecrackers to welcome the god of fortune for a prosperous year. Many new shops also choose this day to begin their business.
During the Spring Festival period (from the last day of the Lunar year up until the fifth day of the New Year), there are many things that are forbidden for Chinese people: For example, one must not utter anything bad luck, sweep or wash the floors, get into arguments, nor ask someone to repay money during this time. As well, eating rice porridge on the first day of the Lunar New Year is also forbidden.
There are many different food customs for different parts of China . People in northern China will eat dumplings at night that were prepared before the New Year. Inside the dumplings they will place various things such as coins, candy, peanuts, jujubes, chestnuts and meat. The person that eats the dumpling with the coin is believed will be rich in the New Year; the one that eats the one with candy inside is believed to will have a sweet and beautiful life in the New Year; and the person that eats the one with the peanut will have a long life. The shape of the dumplings are said to resemble gold ingots and are cooked with noodles as well. People from southern China will also wash uncooked rice for several days to symbolize that there will be an abundance of grain for years to come.
Activities during the Spring Festival include the dragon dance, lion dance, and acrobatics. Every region has their own different traditional activities.

Spring Festival is China's national holiday. Chinese people have three-day holiday (The New Year*s Eve of the lunar year, the New Year*s Day of the lunar year and second day of the first lunar month).

 

Lantern Festival: 15 th day of the 1 st Lunar month

 

The Lantern Festival falls on the 15 th day of the 1 st Lunar month and is the first full moon of the Lunar New Year. Activities during this festival include watching lanterns, parading with lanterns and guessing lantern riddles. Because these activities are all related to lanterns, the festival is known as the Lantern Festival.
With regard to the origin of the festival lays an amusing legend: During the Eastern Han era, as Indian Buddhist missionaries made their way into China , people believed to see deities whirling about in dance under the moonlight every time there was a full moon on the 15 th . But one night it began to snow, and the people raised their torches in search of the dancing deities that had forever disappeared. But the people did not give up, and every year they would continue their search with their torches, and as torches became replaced by lanterns, the customs of the festival remained.
There is also another story that attempts to explain the origins of the Lantern Festival: Ancient scholars, after returning home to celebrate the Sprint Festival, had to return to school by the 15 th , and as each one of them would return to school with a new lantern, they would ask their teacher to help them light their lanterns. This act became the same as the lighting of the lanterns custom in today's festival and it symbolizes an enlightening for those that are lost.
According to traditional Chinese folklore, at the start of the year as spring approaches, the people will light lanterns as a celebration, appreciate the moonlight, guess riddles attached to the lanterns, eat and be together with family to celebrate the festival.

 

Women's Day: March 8th

 

Women's Day, also known as International Women's Day, is a globally celebrated day that commemorates the struggles and equality of women everywhere.

Women*s Day is China's national holiday. Chinese women have half-day holiday.

 

Qingming Festival: April 5th

 

The Qingming Festival originated approximately during the Zhou Dynasty, and has a history that spans over 2,500 years. The festival includes many interesting customs and activities, aside from eating only cold food on that day and tidying up the gravesites of departed family members, it is also a time for outdoor activities like picnics, parks and other games. It's believed that because of the custom of eating cold food during this festival, outdoor activities were included over the years as people sought to keep their bodies warm. The combination of paying respect to the dead and participating in outdoor activities makes this festival quite distinct indeed.

The Qingming Festival is China's national holiday. Chinese people have one-day holiday.

 

Labor Holidays: May 1st

 

Every year on May 1st is world Labor Day; it celebrates the efforts of workers all around the globe.

Labor Holidays is China's national holiday. Chinese people have one-day holiday.

 

Dragon Boat Festival: 5 th day of the 5 th Lunar month

 

The Dragon Boat Festival originated during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and has a history of over 2,000 years. Traditional customs of this festival include: dragon boat races; eating glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in leaves and green bean cakes; perfume pouches for children, wives visiting their in-laws; hanging talismans, calamus, and artemisia; washing yourself with leaves to cure illness; paying respects to the dead with gifts; stage combat; games; swings; smearing realgar; drinking calamus and realgar wine; eating cakes, salty eggs and fruits.
Legend has it that when the people of Chu heard that their famous poet and minister, Qu Yuan, had drowned himself in the river, they raced on their boats to save him. But as fast they tried to outpace each other, no one was able to find his body. Afterwards, they would race dragon boats on the fifth day of the fifth month of the Lunar calendar every year to remember him. They believed that by doing so, they could keep the fish from devouring his corpse. The practice of racing dragon boats later promulgated to the States of Wu, Yue and Chu .
The preparation of glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in leaves, which can be made in different variations, is a required custom for the Dragon Boat Festival. Wearing perfume pouches, drinking realgar wine and hanging calamus and artemisia are believed to drive away evil spirits. The perfume pouches that children wear during the Dragon Boat Festival are also ornamental in nature. Pouches are filled with vermilion sand, realgar, and fragrant medicine, while the outside of the pouch is sewn in silk.
Ever since the Tang and Song dynasties, there evolved the custom of hanging calamus and artemisia, which, when hung indoors can kill germs and clean the air.

Dragon Boat Festival is China's national holiday. Chinese people have one-day holiday.

 

Children's Holiday : June 1st

 

In December 1949, China announced that the June 1 Children's Holiday would replace the original April 4 Children's Holiday . On that day, all children receive a day off from school.

Children*s Day is China's national holiday. Chinese children under 13 years old have one-day holiday.

 

Double Seventh Festival: 7 th day of the 7 th Lunar month

 

The Double Seventh Festival originated during the Han dynasty, and is also known as ※Beggar's Festival§ or ※Girl's Festival.§ According to legend, it is where the Weaver Maid star (Vega) and the Cowhand star (Aquila) meet on the Magpie Bridge . As such, it is also known to some as a type of &Valentine's Day' and romantic festival.
The earliest mention of the story between the Weaver Maid and Cowhand can be found in the Eastern Han book, ※Nineteen Ancient Poems.§ It was said that in ancient times, the seventh daughter of the Jade Emperor in Heaven was known as the Weaver Maid. She was not only beautiful but also talented and spent all her time weaving. The Cowhand, who was handsome, also worked hard in the fields. But after the two were married they were so in love with each other that they stopped working as hard as they used to. The Jade Emperor was troubled by this so he told the Magpies to tell the two that they could only meet once a week and spend the rest of the six days working. Unfortunately, the Magpies misunderstood and instead, told the two that the Jade Emperor ordered them to meet once a day. The two lovers were ecstatic about the news and their work suffered even more. When the Jade Emperor found out about this he was so angry that he used his hairpin to cut open the Milky Way to separate the two, and decreed that they could only meet once a year, during the Double Seventh Festival. As well, he ordered the Magpies, who had improperly communicated his orders, to come together and form a bridge across the Milky Way every Double Seventh Festival so that the Cowhand and Weaver Maid could meet.
During the Double Seventh Festival, two bright stars can be seen on both edges of the Milky Way, symbolizing the Weaver Maid and Cowhand on either sides of the bank looking at each other. Many lovers wish upon these two stars during the festival in hopes that their own love will be blessed. It is also one of the best times tell someone that you like them or propose.

 

Mid-Autumn Festival: 15 th day of the 8 th Lunar month

 

The 15 th day of the 8 th month of every Lunar year is the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival. On that night the moon is especially full and round, so people used the moon to symbolize the unity of the family. Because of this, the festival is also known as tuanyuanjie , or ※Unity Festival.§ It's said that the Mid-Autumn Festival originated during the Spring and Autumn Period, and according to the old calendars that were used at that time, was held at the exact mid-point of autumn, as such, it is appropriately called Mid-Autumn Festival even to this day.
There are many folktales that speak of the origin of this festival, among them include: Chang E's escape to the moon; Wu Gang's cutting of the tree; the jade rabbit and the elixir of life; and the emperor visiting the moon palace. Of all these, the story of Chang E is most popular and widespread.
Legend has it that over 4,000 years ago, Hou Yi, though a skilled warrior and archer, was an evil man that oppressed his people. He received the elixir of life from a goddess, but his wife, Chang E, who was gentle and caring, feared for the people and what would happen to them if Hou Yi were to rule them forever. She took the elixir herself to keep it away from her husband and floated away to the moon where Hou Yi wouldn't be able to get to her. It's said that to this day, she resides there in the palace of the moon, immortal, with only her little white rabbit as company.
During the Mid-Autumn Festival why must people eat moon cakes?
It's said that, near the end of the Yuan dynasty, when Zhu Yuanzhang led his revolutionaries to surround the capital, he could not penetrate the city. His general, Liu Baiwen thought of a plan. Disguised as moon cake vendors, his troops secretly entered the city and sold moon cakes to the Hans, who at that time were ruled by the Mongols. Slips of paper inside the moon cakes told the people to revolt together on the 15 th day of the 8 th month. Afterwards, in remembrance of their revolution, every year at the same time they would eat moon cakes, and before long it became a custom of the Mid-Autumn Festival.
It's also said that during the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Earth is closest to the moon at this time and that the moon is brightest and clearest then. Because of this, people to this day have the custom of looking and appreciating the moon. Traditional customs include appreciating the streets and flowers; watching the water; burning the first incense; hanging lanterns on trees, lighting pyramid lanterns, flying sky lanterns, solving lantern riddles, taking a walk outside to admire the moon; fire dragon shows; and dancing.

Mid-Autumn Festival is China's national holiday. Chinese people have one-day holiday.

 

Double Ninth Festival: 9 th day of the 9 th Lunar month

 

This festival is known as ※Double Ninth§ because it is held on the ninth day of the ninth month of the Lunar calendar. In the ※I Ching,§ the number nine is considered a yang number, and ancients believed that having double nines in a date would be an auspicious time to celebrate. As such, the festival is celebrated to this day.
The number nine in Chinese also has the same sound as ※longevity,§ and being the largest single-digit also symbolizes long life too. In 1983, the People's Republic of China set the 9 th day of the 9 th month as Senior's Day, to bring traditional culture to modern times. It is a day to appreciate, respect, love, and assist your elders.
The activities of the Double Ninth festival are full of color and romance, they include: going sight-seeing, mountain climbing, admiring chrysanthemum, planting dogwood, eating Chongyang cakes, drinking chrysanthemum wine and other activities.

 

National Day: October 1st

 

Beginning in 1949, October 1 commemorates the founding of the People's Republic of China . On that day, celebrations are planned across the country, and at night, many large-scale activities are held.

National Day is China's national holiday. Chinese people have three-day holiday.

 

Winter Solstice Festival: 22 nd or 23 rd of the 12 th Lunar month

 

As early as 2,500 years ago, during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), the Chinese had determined the point of Winter Solstice by observing movements of the sun with a sundial. The Winter Solstice became a festival during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) and thrived in the Tang and Song dynasties (618-1279) and continues on unto this day. After thousands of years, it has become a special festival with its own distinct foods, including various types of dumplings, congee, rice rolls and long noodles. Because the Winter Solstice is one of the coldest times of the year, these traditional foods serve to warm and protect the body. Chinese medicine stipulates that lamb and dog meat protect the body from cold, so these foods are also eaten during the festival.

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April Fools: April 1

 

April Fools originated from France , and has henceforth been widely celebrated in American culture. April Fools is a chance to play a joke and have a laugh with each other and has become a modern trend.

 

Mother's Day: Second Sunday of May

 

The festival to celebrate motherhood originated in ancient Greece , but its modern incarnation of Mother's Day comes from America . The creation of Mother's Day is attributed to Anna Jarvis, an American woman who created it in remembrance of her mother. On May 7, 1914, the US Congress declared the second Sunday of every May as Mother's Day. On that day, following tradition, many give carnations to their mothers.

 
Father's Day: Third Sunday of June
 

The notion of Father's Day started in 1909. It was proposed by Washington 's John B. Dodd, whose mother had died early and father had raised her by himself. To commemorate her father she held a celebration in his honor. At the same time, she thought about all the fathers of the world who sacrificed for their families so she wrote to her local church to propose that the third Sunday of June be designated Father's Day. It became customary for sons and daughters whose fathers had passed away to wear a white rose on that day and those with fathers still living to wear a red rose. This tradition continues on to this day.

 

Easter: The following Sunday of the first full moon after March 21;
if the full moon is on Sunday then it is postponed to the following Monday

 

Easter is Christianity's celebration of the resurrection of Jesus. On this day candles are lit in churches and homes as a way of remembering Christ's resurrection.
The German government allots two days of rest for Easter, and is a time for family members to come together, wish each other well eat traditional foods. Eggs, fire, water and rabbits symbolize the rebirth of life.

 

Halloween: October 31

 

Also known as ※All Hallow's Eve,§ its origin comes from the Celtic ceremony for giving thanks to the sun and the sky. During the middle ages, people started dressing up in costumes at night as a way to chase away evil spirits. Today's Halloween is a playful night where children dress up in costumes and masks.

 

Thanksgiving: Last Thursday of November

 

Thanksgiving is one of the more important traditional holidays in America , and its origins are deeply rooted in America 's founding. Americans of different beliefs and backgrounds all come together to give thanks and celebrate on that day.

 

Christmas: December 25

 

Christmas is celebrated by most Christians to commemorate the birth of Jesus. Since the bible records Christ's birth as taking place at night, December 24 is traditionally celebrated as Christmas Eve.

 
     
 
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